Amazon Advertising (formerly AMS or Amazon Marketing Services) is a service that works in a similar way to pay-per-click ads on Google.
AMP, originally created by Google, is an open-source HTML framework developed by the AMP open-source Project. AMP is designed to help webpages load faster.
Fastly is a cloud computing services provider. Fastly's cloud platform provides a content delivery network, Internet security services, load balancing, and video & streaming services.
GitHub Pages is a static site hosting service.
HTTP Strict Transport Security (HSTS) informs browsers that the site should only be accessed using HTTPS.
Varnish is a reverse caching proxy.