Amazon Advertising (formerly AMS or Amazon Marketing Services) is a service that works in a similar way to pay-per-click ads on Google.
Cloudflare is a web-infrastructure and website-security company, providing content-delivery-network services, DDoS mitigation, Internet security, and distributed domain-name-server services.
Google AdSense is a program run by Google through which website publishers serve advertisements that are targeted to the site content and audience.
Google Publisher Tag (GPT) is an ad tagging library for Google Ad Manager which is used to dynamically build ad requests.
HTTP/3 is the third major version of the Hypertext Transfer Protocol used to exchange information on the World Wide Web.
Varnish is a reverse caching proxy.