Cloudflare is a web-infrastructure and website-security company, providing content-delivery-network services, DDoS mitigation, Internet security, and distributed domain-name-server services.
HTTP Strict Transport Security (HSTS) informs browsers that the site should only be accessed using HTTPS.
Polyfill is a service which accepts a request for a set of browser features and returns only the polyfills that are needed by the requesting browser.
reCAPTCHA is a free service from Google that helps protect websites from spam and abuse.