AMP, originally created by Google, is an open-source HTML framework developed by the AMP open-source Project. AMP is designed to help webpages load faster.
Fastly is a cloud computing services provider. Fastly's cloud platform provides a content delivery network, Internet security services, load balancing, and video & streaming services.
GitHub Pages is a static site hosting service.
Open Graph is a protocol that is used to integrate any web page into the social graph.
Varnish is a reverse caching proxy.